セウトポリス

セウトポリス (古代ギリシア語: Σευθόπολις) は、古代トラキア人のオドリュサイ王セウテス3世が、紀元前325年-紀元前315年に建設したヘレニズム都市^[1]^[2]^[3]。現在、その遺構がブルガリアのスタラ・ザゴラ州カザンラクに近いコプリンカ貯水池の湖底に残っていて、数キロメートル北方には、トラキアの数多くの王墓が残っている。南極サウス・シェトランド諸島のグリニッジ島にあるセウトポリス峰は、この古代都市セウトポリスにちなんで命名された。

古代都市[編集]

セウトポリスは古代ギリシア的ないわゆる「ポリス」ではなく^[4]、あくまでもセウテス3世とその宮廷の在所として建設された。彼の宮殿は、サモトラケの神々カベイロスを祀る神殿の役割も果たしていた^[5]。街のほとんどは王国の政治的な施設で占められており、トラキア人とギリシア人からなる大部分の住民は街の外で暮らしていた^[6]。紀元前281年にはケルト人の強掠を受けた^[7]。

セウテス3世の宮殿の特殊な役割から、彼が祭祀王であったことがわかる。彼はオドリュサイのトラキア人における、カベイリを祀る最高位の祭司でもあった。この区域には、ディオニューソスもしくはサバジオスの聖所もあった。

セウトポリスの墓地には、蜂窩状墳墓や墳丘墓がみられる。こうした墳墓は上層階級の人物のものとみられ、中には馬とともに埋葬された例もある。より下流の人々は火葬されたうえで、ささやかな墓地に葬られた。

発掘調査[編集]

1948年、ゲオルギ・ディミトロフ貯水池（後に「コプリンカ」に改名）の建設中に、考古学者がセウトポリスの遺跡を発見した^[8]。しかし工事は続行され、遺跡はダム湖の底に沈むことになった。ただ共産主義政府は、ダムの完成を1956年に延期し、考古学者たちに6年間の猶予を与え、その間にできる限り研究を進め遺物を保存することになった^[9]。

セウトポリス遺跡で見つかった中で最も重要な遺物が、1953年に宮殿跡で発見された「大碑文」と呼ばれるものである。ギリシア語で書かれていることから、トラキア人は紀元前3世紀には既にヘレニズム化していたことが分かった。

再建計画[編集]

詳細は「コプリンカ貯水池」を参照

2005年、ブルガリアの建築家ジェコ・ティレフが、貯水池の中に円筒状の壁を建設して湖底のセウトポリスを再建し、世界遺産登録と観光地化を目指す計画を打ち出した。周辺の自治体やファンドなどがこの計画を支援しているが、ティレフはこの計画に少なくとも5000万ユーロが必要であるとしている^[1]。

脚注[編集]

^ Europe Between the Oceans: 9000 BC – AD 1000 by Barry W. Cunliffe, 2008,page 331,""... The most sophisticated was the capital, Seuthopolis, founded by the Odrysian king Seuthes III in c.32o BC. The town was laid out entirely in the style of a Hellenistic city...""
^ A History of the Hellenistic World: 323 - 30 BC R. Malcolm Errington, 2008,"...in founding a city which he named after himself, Seuthopolis (SEG 42, 661). ..."
^ An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation by Mogens Herman Hansen,2005,page 1336,"Seuthopolis founded c.325-315"
^ An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation by Mogens Herman Hansen,2005,page 888,"It was meant to be a polis but this was no reason to think that it was anything other than a native settlement"
^ The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites (eds. Richard Stillwell, William L. MacDonald, Marian Holland McAllister),A Thracian city near the village of Koprinka. It was founded at the end of the 4th c. B.C. by Seuthes III. The large quantity of material discovered during the excavation has shown that Seuthopolis was not only a center of production, but also of commerce. The city rises on a terrace circumscribed on three sides by the Tundza and by one of its tributaries. It was a fortified city of ca. 5 ha with a pentagonal circuit wall 2 m thick and 890 m in perimeter, with a quadrangular tower at each angle. At the N, between two towers, is the principal gate; and at the south are two gates between bastions. The wall is constructed of clay bricks and wood on stone foundations. The city's orthogonal plan is regular, with two large arteries that lead from the gates to the center. The agora is in the NW sector. In the NE zone is a walled and towered trapezoidal area within which is enclosed the palace of the prince and the Sanctuary of the Great Gods of Samothrace. In the houses, which are built with rooms around a court, has been found a type of plaster. Elements of porticos have been found and upper galleries of wood. The houses were furnished with wells and drainage systems with a channel in the center of the street. The influence of Hippodamos is evident, though the democratic distribution of living quarters is lacking. Seuthes III built his city on the site of an earlier settlement, and he also followed the Hellenistic fashion of the Diadochi in giving it his own name. Greek influence is prevalent in the urban elements cited and in decoration such as antefixes, stucco, and incrustation, and in the use of the Doric capital
^ An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation by Mogens Herman Hansen,2005,page 888
^ The Ancient Celts by Barry W. Cunliffe,
^ The Hellenistic Settlements in Europe, the Islands, and Asia Minor by Getzel M. Cohen,1996," The existence of Seuthopolis in Thrace was not known until 1948"
^ Explore the Valley of Thracian Kings – Bulgaria’s Thracian Heritage https://www.rosefestivalkazanlak.com/valley-thracian-kings-bulgarian-heritage/#seuthopolis

外部リンク[編集]

[1] Europe Between the Oceans: 9000 BC – AD 1000 by Barry W. Cunliffe, 2008,page 331,""... The most sophisticated was the capital, Seuthopolis, founded by the Odrysian king Seuthes III in c.32o BC. The town was laid out entirely in the style of a Hellenistic city...""

[2] A History of the Hellenistic World: 323 - 30 BC R. Malcolm Errington, 2008,"...in founding a city which he named after himself, Seuthopolis (SEG 42, 661). ..."

[3] An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation by Mogens Herman Hansen,2005,page 1336,"Seuthopolis founded c.325-315"

[4] An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation by Mogens Herman Hansen,2005,page 888,"It was meant to be a polis but this was no reason to think that it was anything other than a native settlement"

[5] The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites (eds. Richard Stillwell, William L. MacDonald, Marian Holland McAllister),A Thracian city near the village of Koprinka. It was founded at the end of the 4th c. B.C. by Seuthes III. The large quantity of material discovered during the excavation has shown that Seuthopolis was not only a center of production, but also of commerce. The city rises on a terrace circumscribed on three sides by the Tundza and by one of its tributaries. It was a fortified city of ca. 5 ha with a pentagonal circuit wall 2 m thick and 890 m in perimeter, with a quadrangular tower at each angle. At the N, between two towers, is the principal gate; and at the south are two gates between bastions. The wall is constructed of clay bricks and wood on stone foundations. The city's orthogonal plan is regular, with two large arteries that lead from the gates to the center. The agora is in the NW sector. In the NE zone is a walled and towered trapezoidal area within which is enclosed the palace of the prince and the Sanctuary of the Great Gods of Samothrace. In the houses, which are built with rooms around a court, has been found a type of plaster. Elements of porticos have been found and upper galleries of wood. The houses were furnished with wells and drainage systems with a channel in the center of the street. The influence of Hippodamos is evident, though the democratic distribution of living quarters is lacking. Seuthes III built his city on the site of an earlier settlement, and he also followed the Hellenistic fashion of the Diadochi in giving it his own name. Greek influence is prevalent in the urban elements cited and in decoration such as antefixes, stucco, and incrustation, and in the use of the Doric capital

[6] An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation by Mogens Herman Hansen,2005,page 888

[7] The Ancient Celts by Barry W. Cunliffe,

[8] The Hellenistic Settlements in Europe, the Islands, and Asia Minor by Getzel M. Cohen,1996," The existence of Seuthopolis in Thrace was not known until 1948"

[9] Explore the Valley of Thracian Kings – Bulgaria’s Thracian Heritage https://www.rosefestivalkazanlak.com/valley-thracian-kings-bulgarian-heritage/#seuthopolis

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